应用知识蒸馏的深度神经网络波束形成算法

自适应波束形成技术广泛应用于雷达领域的旁瓣抗干扰中。当回波数据量增多时,传统的波束形成算法无法进行快速处理,而应用深度神经网络模型通过数据的预训练则可以快速地进行波束形成,因此根据波束形成原理设计深度神经网络,并利用知识蒸馏的方式对深度神经网络进行压缩,使压缩后的模型既有原始模型良好的泛化性能而且又有更快的计算速度。仿真结果表明,相比于传统的LMS算法,在实验环境下,未经模型压缩的深度神经网络自适应波束形成算法的计算速度提高了约7倍,基于模型压缩的深度神经网络自适应波束形成算法的计算速度提高了约20倍。     

带预设性能的火箭垂直着陆段姿态自适应控制设计

可重复使用运载火箭是典型的复杂非线性、强不确定性系统，其着陆飞行过程中存在的未知环境干扰和未建模动态将严重影响火箭姿态系统的稳定性。针对此情况，设计了火箭垂直着陆段飞行的姿态自适应控制系统，以解决上述不确定性所带来的不利影响；同时，引入误差转换技术，使得控制器能同时保证系统预设的瞬态性能和稳态性能。仿真结果表明，设计的控制算法能满足飞行姿态控制性能要求，且对外部干扰和模型不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于模型拼接技术的四旋翼无人机全飞行包线建模

四旋翼无人机在军事和民用领域都有广泛的应用前景。然而，四旋翼无人机具有机载传感器准确性低与可靠性差、不同飞行条件下动力学模型差异大等特点。本文以四旋翼无人机为研究对象，系统地开展了飞行路径重构、频率域系统辨识、全飞行包线建模的相关研究工作。针对机载低成本传感器存在显著常值偏差与量测噪声统计学特性未知的缺点，采用基于EKF的飞行路径重构技术对在飞行试验中无人机的机体空速进行重构；针对不同飞行速度下四旋翼无人机动力学模型差异大的特点，采用频域法辨识得到不同飞行条件下的本体动力学模型；针对四旋翼无人机大跨域的高精度控制需求，利用模型拼接技术，系统性地提出了全飞行包线建模方案，经过验证，所提出模型拼接技术是准确可靠的。     

Adaptive double-saturated control for hovering over an asteroid

Hovering over an irregular-shaped asteroid is particularly challenging due to the large gravitational uncertainties and various external disturbances. An adaptive control scheme considering commanded acceleration and its change-rate saturation for hovering is developed in this paper. Taking full advantage of terminal sliding-mode control theory, first, we convert the double-saturated control problem to a new equivalent system by introducing a special bounded function, in which just control input saturation needs to be considered. Then, a continuous finite-time saturated controller is designed for the new system with the assistance of an constructed auxiliary subsystem. Additionally, an adaptive law is devised for the controller to avoid the requirement of the unknown upper bounds of the disturbances, rendering the control scheme especially suitable to asteroid hovering missions. The finite-time stability of the whole closed-loop system is proved via Lyapunov analysis. Numerical simulation studies are carried out, and the results demonstrate the design features and the desired performance.     

Switched adaptive active disturbance rejection control of variable structure near space vehicles based on adaptive dynamic programming

Based on the switched nonlinear system, a switched adaptive Active Disturbance Rejection Control(ADRC) law is proposed for the Variable Structure Near Space Vehicle(VSNSV) with unknown uncertainties and external disturbances. The reduced-order Extended State Observers(ESOs) are constructed for the attitude angle system and the angular rate system to estimate the total disturbance in real time. With the extended state introduced to counteract the effects of uncertainties and disturbances, a systematic procedure is presented for the synthesis of the switched adaptive ADRC strategy. Rigorous proof shows that the estimation errors of the reduced-order ESOs would converge to a small neighborhood of zero in finite time, and that the output of the closedloop system can track a given signal stably for a class of switching signals with average dwell time via the proposed approach. The variable gain control strategy based on Adaptive Dynamic Programming(ADP) with the actor-critic structure is also designed to improve the dynamic performance of the system. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed control scheme.     

一种用于仿生导航无人机航姿求解的混合滤波方法

针对现有组合导航系统易被干扰欺骗以及姿态求解精度不足的问题，设计了惯性测量单元(IMU)与偏振光传感器组成的航姿参考系统(AHRS)。同时，考虑到传统的姿态求解方法精度不高，提出了一种用于仿生导航无人机航姿求解的混合滤波方法。将Mahony滤波后的姿态值作为系统观测量，再结合扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)实现传感器数据的深层融合，以获得高精度的姿态角信息。实验结果表明：在静态环境下采用混合滤波方法求解的姿态值能有效滤除偏振光传感器和加速度计内部噪声干扰，其稳定性明显优于两种方法各自求解时的情况；在动态实验中该方法能有效抑制单独采用Mahony滤波时存在的超调问题，表现出更高的动态解算精度，从而为偏振光组合导航系统提供了更精确的姿态估计信息。     

自适应多点悬挂重力补偿系统研究

大型桁架式可展开航天结构在地面试验时,存在大挠度变形、精度低、泛用性差等结构特点,为提高地面试验有效性,提出了一种自适应多点悬挂重力补偿控制方法。首先,设计系统辨识算法和控制器算法,解决了多点耦合问题。其次,建立Simulink与Adams联合仿真平台,通过仿真分析选择算法参数,验证了算法的可行性。最后,以大型桁架式航天天线为对象,搭建重力补偿系统实验平台并进行实验验证。实验结果表明:控制系统在稳态环境和动态环境下均能快速收敛。稳态环境下,平均稳态误差为0.5503%;动态环境下,平均稳态误差0.526%。完成了航天结构天线的重力补偿,为多点重力补偿系统方案的实施提供建议和改进措施。     

Application of time-variable process noise in terrestrial reference frames determined from VLBI data

In recent years, Kalman filtering has emerged as a suitable technique to determine terrestrial reference frames (TRFs), a prime example being JTRF2014. The time series approach allows variations of station coordinates that are neither reduced by observational corrections nor considered in the functional model to be taken into account. These variations are primarily due to non-tidal geophysical loading effects that are not reduced according to the current IERS Conventions (2010). It is standard practice that the process noise models applied in Kalman filter TRF solutions are derived from time series of loading displacements and account for station dependent differences. So far, it has been assumed that the parameters of these process noise models are constant over time. However, due to the presence of seasonal and irregular variations, this assumption does not truly reflect reality. In this study, we derive a station coordinate process noise model allowing for such temporal variations. This process noise model and one that is a parameterized version of the former are applied in the computation of TRF solutions based on very long baseline interferometry data. In comparison with a solution based on a constant process noise model, we find that the station coordinates are affected at the millimeter level.     

A model-based prognostics method for fatigue crack growth in fuselage panels

This paper proposes a model-based prognostics method that couples the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and a new developed linearization method. The proposed prognostics method is developed in the context of fatigue crack propagation in fuselage panels where the model parameters are unknown and the crack propagation is affected by different types of uncertainties. The coupled method is composed of two steps. The first step employs EKF to estimate the unknown model parameters and the current damage state. In the second step, the proposed efficient linearization method is applied to compute analytically the statistical distribution of the damage evolution path in some future time. A numerical case study is implemented to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results show that the coupled EKF-linearization method provides satisfactory results: the EKF algorithm well identifies the model parameters, and the linearization method gives comparable prediction results to Monte Carlo (MC) method while leading to very significant computational cost saving. The proposed prognostics method for fatigue crack growth can be used for developing predictive maintenance strategy for an aircraft fleet, in which case, the computational cost saving is significantly meaningful.     

航天光学遥感探测器滤光片环境考核方法

滤光片是航天光学遥感探测器的关键部件,其环境稳定性直接影响到探测器的光谱响应特性。文章以现有的航天器、电子元器件、光学膜层等环境考核标准为基础,参考欧空局、DALSA(加拿大数字影像器件公司)等的考核条件,并结合在遥感相机研发生产过程中与滤光片相关的环境考核项目,首次提出了一套针对航天光学遥感探测器滤光片的环境考核方法,给出了考核项目、考核流程、参考试验条件、测试项目、测试方法。考核项目包括高低温循环、热真空、热存储、湿度、辐照考核;测试项目包括光谱特性测试、膜层牢固度测试。该方法已在遥感型号产品上实施并得到在轨和地面试验验证,可作为滤光片环境考核的参考。